Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Horkel ex Wimm

• Genus: Wolffia
• Botanical Background: It has long intrigued botanists due to its reduced morphology. Early naturalists and modern taxonomists alike have studied its reproductive strategies and classification within aquatic flora.

• Geographical Range: Native to temperate and tropical regions, Wolffia arrhiza is found in still or slow-moving freshwater bodies in Europe, Asia, and North America.
• Environment: Thrives in nutrient-rich, calm waters with stable temperatures. Ideal conditions include moderate water flow, ample moisture, and environments that support high humidity.

Leaves

• Tiny, oval to circular leaf-like structures floating on the water surface

• Simple, uniform texture and green coloration

Inflorescence (Spadix & Spathe)

• Very inconspicuous flower; lacks a noticeable spathe

• Flowering is rare; reproduction primarily through self-pollination

Growth Habit

• Aquatic and free-floating with no true root system

• Nutrients absorbed directly from the water; reproduces mainly via budding

Light Requirements

• Thrives in bright, indirect sunlight

• Can tolerate partial direct exposure if not intense

Watering & Humidity

• Requires constant immersion in clean water

• High humidity is naturally maintained in aquatic environments

Soil & Potting Mix

• Not applicable; grown in aquatic setups like small ponds or water gardens

• Does not require traditional soil media

Temperature & Fertilizer

• Prefers temperate to warm water conditions

• Minimal fertilization needed if water is nutrient-rich

Division

• Propagates primarily through vegetative budding

• New plantlets form and detach from the parent plant automatically

Stem Cuttings (if applicable)

• Not applicable; lacks true stems and roots

Seeds

• Flowering and seed formation are extremely rare

• Asexual propagation is far more efficient and typical for this species

Typical Issues

• Susceptible to water molds and algae overgrowth

• Poor water quality can lead to decline in plant health

Treatment Recommendations

• Maintain clean water with gentle circulation or filtration

• Avoid harsh chemical treatments to preserve delicate aquatic ecosystems

• Recognized as one of the smallest flowering plants on Earth

• Studied for its high protein content and potential in water purification systems

• Valued by enthusiasts for its minimalist form and ecological function

• Popular in scientific research and educational aquatic displays

Wild Population Status

• Generally abundant in freshwater habitats

• Not currently considered endangered

Market Availability

• Widely accessible through research institutions and aquatic plant collections

• Easily propagated, making it available to both hobbyists and scientists