Anubias heterophylla Engl.

• Genus: Anubias
• Botanical Background: First described by Engler, this species has been extensively studied by botanists interested in aquatic and semi-aquatic aroids. It has a notable history in botanical gardens and remains a key subject in aquascaping research.

• Geographical Range: Indigenous to tropical regions of West and Central Africa, found along slow-moving streams, riverbanks, and shaded forest floors.
• Environment: Thrives in humid, low-light conditions with soft, nutrient-rich substrates, adapted with consistent moisture and stable, warm temperatures.

Leaves

• Broad, dark green, and leathery with a slightly variable shape and smooth texture
• Durability and distinctive color patterns

Inflorescence (Spadix & Spathe)

• Modest spadix enclosed by a pale green spathe
• Not particularly showy or fragrant
• Relies on insect pollination for reproduction

Growth Habit

• Rhizomatous, making it either aquatic or semi-aquatic
• Rhizome anchors the plant securely, allowing to be attached to substrates, rocks, or driftwood

Light Requirements

• Bright, indirect light but can also tolerate lower light levels

Watering & Humidity

• Consistently moist conditions
• Stable water parameters and moderate humidity when grown emersed in an aquarium setting

Soil & Potting Mix

• Nutrient-rich, fine substrates
• Attach to rocks or driftwood, especially in aquascaped aquariums

Temperature & Fertilizer

• Thrives between 72°F and 82°F (22°C to 28°C)
• Balanced, diluted fertilizer applied once a month

Division and Cuttings

• Rhizome division, ensuring that each piece retains at least one healthy growing point

Seeds

• Rarely practiced in cultivation due to low viability,

Typical Issues

• Algae buildup, snail infestations, and occasional root rot from overwatering

Treatment Recommendations

• Adjusting water conditions, manual removal of pests
• Use of mild, aquarium-safe chemical treatments or organic remedies if necessary

• Has a role in maintaining water quality and providing habitat for small aquatic organisms
• Valued for its aesthetic appeal, making it a staple in both natural aquatic settings and decorative aquarium

• Striking foliage and ability to thrive under a range of conditions
• Favorite among both novice and experienced aquarists, for ease of care and versatility 

Wild Population Status

• While not currently classified as endangered, certain populations face habitat pressures from environmental changes and human activities, conservation efforts are focused on preserving its natural habitat

Market Availability

• Widely available in the aquarium trade and through specialized aquatic plant nurseries